1909 Mk; Mz;L yz;ld; ePjpkd;wj;jpy; kuzjz;lid tpjpf;fg;gl;ltd; x];fhh; rpNyl;lh;. mtd; J}f;fpyplg;gLtjw;F ,uz;L ehl;fs; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ> kuzjd;lidia MAl; jz;lidahf khw;Wk; mwptpj;jy; ePjpj;Jiwj; jiythplkpUe;J fpilj;jJ. kuzjz;lidf;F vjpuhf nghJkf;fs; elj;jpa Mh;g;ghl;lNk kuzjz;lid MAl; jz;lidahf khw;wg;glf; fhuzkhf ,Ue;jJ.

x];fhh; rpNyl;lh; kPJ Fw;wQ;rhl;lg;gl;l nfhiy> 1908 brk;gh; 21 Mk; jpfjp xU kio ,Ul;by; ele;jJ. khpad; [py;fpwp];l; 82 taJilats;. jdpf;fl;il. Mlk;gukhd njhlh;khb ,y;yk; xd;wpy; tho;e;J te;jhs;. mtSf;F Jizahf 21 taJ n`yd; vd;gts; $l ,Ue;jhs;. khpadpd; jq;f Mguzq;fs;> gzk; Mfpatw;iwg; ghJfhf;f Ntz;bapUe;jjhy; tPl;bd; cl;Gwkhf fjTfSf;F,ul;ilg; G+l;Lf;fSk;> rq;fpypj; njhLg;GfSk; Nghlg;gl;bUe;jd. khb tPl;Lf;F NeNu fPohf ,Ue;jJ Mh;jh; mlk;]; vd;gthpd; tPL. khpaDf;F VjhtJ vjph;ghuhj Mgj;J Vw;gl;lhy; mts; jdJ tPl;bd; kug;gyifapyhd jiuapy; %d;W jlitfs; fhyhy; cijg;ghs;. cjtpf;F Mh;jh; mlk;]; tPl;lhh; tUthh;fs;. ,g;gb Xh; Vw;ghL.

md;W brk;gh; 21Mk; jpfjp khiy 7.00 kzp ,Uf;Fk;. khiyg; gjpg;G gj;jphpif thq;Ftjw;F n`yd; filf;Fr;nrd;wpUe;jhs;. NghFk; NghJ ntspf;fjitg;G+l;b tpl;Lr;nrd;whs;. gj;Nj epkplq;fspy; gj;jphpifAk; ifAkhf n`yd; jpUk;gp te;jNghJ> Mh;jh; mlk;]; tPl;bw;F ntspNa epd;W nfhz;bUe;jhh;. cs;Ns VNjh rj;jk; Nfl;gjhf n`ydplk; mth; nrhd;dhh;. n`ydpd; Kfk; mr;rj;jhy; ntspwpg;NghdJ. n`ydplk; ,Ue;J jpwg;ig thq;fp fjitj; ;jpwe;jhh; Mh;jh; mlk;];.

fjT jpwe;Jnfhz;lJ. ntWikahf tplg;gl;l gLf;if miwapDs; ,Ue;J xUtd; rh;trhjhuzkhf ele;J te;Jnfhz;bUe;jhd;. jpBnud Ntfk; nfhz;ltdhf ,th;fs; ,UtiuAk; fle;J> gbf;fl;Lf;fshy; ,wq;fp> ,Ul;by; nrd;W kiwe;Jtpl;lhd;.tpghPjk; VjhtJ? n`yDk;> mlk;]{k; rhg;ghl;L miwg;gf;fkhf mtrukhf ele;jdh;. Nfhuf;fhl;rp. khpad; jiuapy; tPo;e;J fple;jhs;. jiy rpjwpapUe;jJ. ,uj;j nts;sk;.

fpl;ba J}uj;jpy; tho;e;Jte;j mtspd; cwtpduhd ngz; xUj;jpf;Fj; jfty; nfhLg;gjw;fhf n`yd; mtru mtrukhf Xbdhs;. mUNfAs;s nghyp]; epiyaj;jpw;Fk; lhf;lUf;Fk; jfty; nfhLf;f mlk;]; mq;fpUe;J Gwg;gl;lhh;. n`yd; tPl;by; ,y;yhj me;j gj;J epkplj;jpw;Fs; vtNdh jpl;lkpl;L ,e;jf; nfhiyr; nra;jpUf;fpwhd;.

ngUk; tpiykjpg;Gs;s khpadpd; Mguzq;fs; jiuapy; rpjwpf; fple;jd. mtw;iw vLg;gjpy; me;jf; nfhiyfhuDf;F mf;fiwapy;yhjJ Jg;Gj; Jyf;f te;jth;fSf;F Mr;rupaj;ijj; je;jJ.Mtzq;fs; itf;fg;gl;bUe;j ngl;bia cilg;gjpy;jhd; nfhiyfhudpd; ftdk; ,Ue;jJ. MdhYk; ituk; gjpf;fg;gl;l ~GNwhr;| xd;W kl;Lk; fhzhkw; Ngha; ,Ue;jJ.

te;jtd; rhjhuz xU jpUld; jhd; vd;W tprhuizahsh;fis ek;gitf;f me;j kh;k kdpjd; tpUk;gp ,Uf;fyhk;.nfhiyapd; gpd;dh; xU itu ~GNwhr;|rpd; mlFg;gw;Wr;rPl;il x];fhh; rpNyl;lh; itj;jpUe;jhd;. mg;nghONj mtd; ifJ nra;ag;gl;lhd;.nghyp]hh; x];fhh; rpNyl;liuf; ifJ nra;ar; nrd;w rkak; mtd; mnkhpf;fh nry;Yk; fg;gypy; gazk; nra;J nfhz;bUe;jhd;. gpd;dh; mnkhpf;fhtpypUe;J tprhuizf;fhf mtd; ];nfhl;yhe;Jf;Fj; jpUg;gp mDg;gg;gl;lhd;.

nfhiy ele;j Neuk; mq;F fhzg;gl;l eghpd; Ms; milahsq;fs; gw;wp fpilj;j ,U rhl;rpaq;fSk; Kuz;gl;ld.me;j kio ,Ul;by; jhd; fz;l nfhiyfhud; 23 taJ kjpf;fj;jf;f> caukhd xUtd; vd;W n`yd; njhptpj;jpUe;jhs;. gbfspy; mtd; Ntfkhf ,wq;fpr; nrd;wNghJ vjph;g;gl;l Nkhp vd;w ngz; NtW tpj tptuq;fis nfhLj;jpUe;jhs;.

1909 Nk 3 Mk; jpfjp

tprhuizapy; murjug;G rhd;Wfs; Muhag;gl;bUe;jd. x];fhh; rpNyl;lhpd; gazg;nghjpia Muha;e;j Jg;gwpthsh;fs; n`yd; $wpaJ Nghd;w njhg;gp> Nfhl; vd;gtw;iw fz;nlLj;jJld; Rj;jpay; xd;iwAk; fz;Lgpbj;jpUe;jdh;. mJNt nfhiyf;fUtpahf gad;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;fyhk; vd;W ek;gg;gl;lJ.

,JNt mtd; Fw;wthspahf; jPh;f;fg;gl;l fhuzkhapw;W.

mtd; rpiwf;Fs; js;sg;gl;l gpd;Ng tprhuizfspy; jpUg;gk; Vw;glj;njhlq;fpaJ. Jg;gwpthsh;fspy; xUtuhd nfhdd; Nlhyp NtW jpirapy; rpe;jpf;fj;njhlq;fpdhh;. xUtiu n`yDk;> NkhpAk; ntt;NtW tpjkhf milahsq; fz;L nfhz;lJ vg;gb? vd;w GjphpDs;NsNa mtuJ kdk;%o;fpapUe;jJ.

mlFitj;j gw;Wr;rPl;L nfhiy elg;gjw;F xU khjj;jpw;F Kd;dNu GNwhr; mlF itf;fg;gl;lij fhl;baJ. nfhiy epfo;e;j ,uT x];fhh; rpNyl;lh; jd;Dld; ,uT czT cl;nfhz;lij tpUe;J nfhLj;j xUtd; xg;Gf; nfhz;L> ePjpkd;wj;jpy; rhl;rpak; mspj;jpUe;jhd;. Mdhy; rpNyl;lh; kPJ re;Njfk; nfhs;s itj;jJ> mth; tho;e;j cy;yhr tho;f;ifAk;> tpiy khjh;fSld; mth; nfhz;l cwTfSk;> ghjhs cyff;Nfh\;bapdUld; mth; nfhz;bUe;j njhlh;GfSk; jhd;.

nfhdd; Nlhypapd; kdjpy; xUKbT Njhd;wpaJ. Fw;wtpay; epGzh; tpy;ypaj;jpd; NritfisAk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;L fsj;jpy; Fjpj;jhh;. khpad; [py;fpwp];l; tho;e;j tPl;by; ,UtUk; ,uz;L ehl;fs; jq;fpapUe;J Gjpa Jg;Gf;fs; VjhtJ cz;lh vd;W Muha;e;jdh;. mJ tiu tprhuizfspd; NghJ Nfl;fg;glhj gy Nfs;tpfis xt;nthUthplKk; Nfl;ldh;.

Kjd; Kjyhf x];fhh; rpNyl;liuf; fz;lNghJ n`yd; Mr;rhpag;gltpy;iyah? Vd; mth; Kd;dNu mwpKfkhd xUtuh? n`yd; gj;jphpif thq;fp tUtjw;F vLj;j gj;Nj epkplq;fis kpfTk; Jy;ypakhf nfhiyfhud; gad;gLj;jpaJ vt;thW?

Gyd; tprhuizfspd; Muk;gj;jpy; gq;F gw;wpapUe;j nghyp]; mjpfhhp N[hd;> gpd;dh; nfhdd;NlhypAlDk;> tpy;ypaj;JlDk;> njhlh;Gnfhz;L Kd;G jdJ kdjpy; ,J gw;wp ,Ue;j re;Njfq;fs; gw;wpj; njhptpj;jpUe;jhh;. ePjpkd;w tprhuizapd;NghJ> rpNyl;lNu nfhiyiar; nra;jhh; vd;W mbj;Jf;$wpa [{uh; xUth;> ,g;nghOJ jdJ kdr;rhl;rp jd;id cWj;Jtjhf nfhdd; Nlhypf;Ff; fbjk; vOjpapUe;jhh;.

1925 Mk; Mz;L nfhdd; Nlhypf;F 20 tUlq;fs; rpiwapypUe;J tpLjiyahd xUthpd; re;jpg;G fpilj;jJ. mtd; mtrukhf ngd;rpyhy; vOjg;gl;l xU Fwpg;igf; ifapDs; jpzpj;Jtpl;L mtrukhfNt nrd;Wtpl;lhd;. mf;fbjk; mspj;j J}z;Ljyhy; me;j tptfhuj;ij Kjypy; ,Ue;J Ma;T nra;a KbT nra;jhh; nfhdd; Nlhyp. rpNyl;lh; gw;wpa cz;ik vd;W mjid vOjp ntspaplTk; nra;jhh;.

nfhiy nra;j me;j kh;kkdpjid vdf;Fj; njhpAk;. Mdhy; rpNyl;liu milahsk; fhl;LkhW nghyp]hh; eph;g;ge;jpj;jjhy;jhd; mt;thW nra;Njd; vd mg;nghOJ FLk;gg; ngz;zhf mnkhpf;fhtpy; tho;e;J nfhz;bUe;j n`yd; njhptpj;jhs;.

mk;gykhf;fg;gl;l cz;ikfspd; Kd;dpiyapy; mjpfhhpfspdhy; jiy epkph;e;J epw;f Kbatpy;iy. 1927 Mk; Mz;L Fw;wj;jpy; ve;jnthU gq;Fkw;wtdhfpa x];fhh; tpLtpf;fg;gl;lhd;.gphpl;ld; ePjpj;Jiwapy; vd;WNk ,J Nghd;W eilngw;wjpy;iy. rpiwapy; itf;fg;gl;ljw;F ,og;gPlhf x];fhUf;F 6000 gTz;Lfis ePjpj;Jiw toq;fpaJ.

chpa Neuj;jpy; kf;fs; Mh;g;ghl;lq;fis Kd;ndLj;Jg; Nghuhbapuhtp;l;lhy; mtd;kPjhd kuzjz;lid $l tuyhw;wpdhy; kwf;fg;gl;Lg; NghapUf;Fk;.